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KMID : 1134820220610090912
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Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
2022 Volume.61 No. 9 p.912 ~ p.923
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Evaluation of Dietary Nutrient Intake and Food Variety by Milk Consumption in Postmenopausal Korean Women: Data Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013～2015
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Ha Ae-Wha
Kim Woo-Kyung
Kim Sun-Hyo
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Abstract
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This study was undertaken to identify the nutrient intake and food variety by milk consumption amongst Korean postmenopausal women, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013∼2015). A total of 1,952 postmenopausal women aged 40∼64 years were included in the survey. Milk consumption per week was determined for each subject using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Subjects were classified into 4 groups based on milk consumption/week: Q1, no milk (n=699); Q2, >0 to ≤1 cup (n=488); Q3, >1 to ≤3 cups (n=345); and Q4, >3 cups (n=420). Intakes and index of nutritional quality (INQ) of calcium, phosphorus, and riboflavin were increased directly proportional to the milk consumption amount, and both values were the highest in Q4. Dietary variety score (DVS) and dietary diversity score (DDS, P<0.05) were higher in the Q2∼Q4 groups as compared to the Q1 group, with Q4 having the highest scores. Considering the intake pattern by food group, insufficient milk and fruit intake were observed to be problematic. The total score of the Korean Health Eating Index (KHEI) was as low as 68.3 out of 100 in the Q1∼Q4 groups, although Q3 and Q4 groups had significantly higher scores than Q1 and Q2 groups (P<0.05). Milk intake was positively correlated with DDS (r=0.24166, P<0.001) and KHEI (r=0.17482, P<0.001). We conclude that milk intake not only increases the intake of insufficient nutrients (such as calcium and riboflavin) but also increases the food variety consumed. Hence, milk intake needs to be appropriately emphasized to improve the nutritional status of postmenopausal women.
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KEYWORD
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milk, nutrient intake, nutritional quality, food, postmenopausal women
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